[Terrapreta] sewage sludge charcoal

[Gerald Van Koeverden]

What's the problem with sewage sludge?  Folke has a very good point!

"Problems associated with the agricultural use of sewage sludge  
include groundwater, soil, and crop contamination with pathogens,  
heavy metals, nitrate, and toxic and carcinogenic organic compounds. 
34 Sewage sludge is a lot more than organic human refuse. It can  
contain DDT, PCBs, mercury, and other heavy metals.35 One scientist  
alleges that more than 20 million gallons of used motor oil are  
dumped into sewers every year in the United States.36

America's largest industrial facilities released over 550 million  
pounds of toxic pollutants into US sewers in 1989 alone, according to  
the US Public Interest Research Group. Between 1990 and 1994, an  
additional 450 million pounds of toxic chemicals were dumped into  
sewage treatment systems, although the actual levels of toxic  
discharges are said to be much higher than these.37

Of the top ten states responsible for toxic discharges to public  
sewers in 1991, Michigan took first prize with nearly 80 million  
pounds, followed in order by New Jersey, Illinois, California, Texas,  
Virginia, Ohio, Tennessee, Wisconsin and Pennsylvania (around 20  
million pounds from PA).38"

For the complerte chapter, go to:

http://weblife.org/humanure/chapter5_10.html

Gerrit



On 9-Apr-08, at 5:11 AM, MFH wrote:

> Folke
>
>
>
> Hang on. The Chinese in particular have been using human waste in  
> agriculture for thousands of years. What’s different to their poo?
>
>
>
> M
>
>
>
>
>
> From: terrapreta-bounces at bioenergylists.org [mailto:terrapreta- 
> bounces at bioenergylists.org] On Behalf Of Folke Günther
> Sent: Wednesday, 9 April 2008 6:45 PM
> To: 'Michael Antal'; 'Terra Preta'
> Subject: Re: [Terrapreta] sewage sludge charcoal
>
>
>
> Raw sewage sludge should never, under any circumstances, be used in  
> a process involving soil that will be used for food production,  
> because of the high content of heavy metals.
>
> I agree that the charring might destroy (or spread out?) some of  
> the otherwise organic noxious stuff, as medicals and the like.
>
> Thus, if you make char of it, you have to put it in abandoned mines  
> or the like, which implicates a loss of phosphorus.
>
>
>
> Much better is to use source-separating toilets, add the urine to  
> char, possibly char the faeces, and then put it in the soil.
>
> It is the “purification” process that destroys this otherwise  
> excellent nutrient stuff.
>
>
>
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 
> ---------
>
> Folke Günther
>
> Kollegievägen 19
>
> 224 73 Lund, Sweden
>
> home/office: +46 46 14 14 29
>
> cell:               0709 710306  skype:  folkegun
>
> Homepage:     http://www.holon.se/folke
> blog: http://folkegunther.blogspot.com/
>
>
>
> Från: terrapreta-bounces at bioenergylists.org [mailto:terrapreta- 
> bounces at bioenergylists.org] För Michael Antal
> Skickat: den 9 april 2008 00:45
> Till: 'Terra Preta'
> Ämne: [Terrapreta] sewage sludge charcoal
>
>
>
> I am pleased and somewhat surprised to report that raw sewage  
> sludge is a good feedstock for charcoal production.  Details are  
> available on the HNEI website below.  Regards, Michael.
>
>
>
> Michael J. Antal, Jr.
>
> Coral Industries Distinguished Professor of Renewable Energy Resources
>
> Hawaii Natural Energy Institute
>
> POST 109, 1680 East-West Rd.
>
> Honolulu, HI 96822
>
>
>
> phone: 808/956-7267
>
> fax: 808/956-2336
>
> www.hnei.hawaii.edu
>
>
>
>
>
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