[Terrapreta] Terra Preta Specifications

[Kevin Chisholm]

Dear Christelle

Your Site could be an excellent way for "char in soil" tests to be 
coordinated! I have signed up for Registration, and look forward to 
hearing back from you.

There are many people on teh TP list who wiull likely be doing some 
growing trials this year. Some have a strong background in Experimental 
Design, and some of us are weak at it. Also, we will all probably have 
different motivations and goals for our tests.

Three things that could be very helpful in getting meaningful data could 
be the following:\

1: Experimental Design: Would you, or someone on the list, be able to 
refer us to a good basic site relating to "The Design of Agricultural 
Experiments" or something like that?

2: "Calibration Crop": I think that because of variation in sites and 
grower skills, it might be very helpful if each grower put in a small 
"calibration crop" of some sort, that would assist in giving a general 
comparison between sites. For example, the crop might be a particular 
variety of Bush Beans. The number and weight of beans harvested from the 
"Control Plots", and from plants on a "Test Plot" containing 5% charcoal 
by weight, should be helpful in comparing results from different sites. 
Sites will be in different soils, diferent average temperatures, 
different elevations, different moisture availabilities, etc.

3: Photos: Is there a way that each grower could add photos to the Test 
Reports? A general Site Photo, and tehn photos showing test results 
would be most helpful.

As a general comment, the CharML page looks good and it collects a lot 
of helpful information for each site. Will you also have a similar page 
for reporting the results from each test?

Best wishes,

Kevin



chris braun wrote:
> Dear Kevin,
>
> The need for a biochar "specification" that could allow people from 
> all over the world to register biochar trials protocols and results in 
> a unified (and thus comparabale) way has already been recognized and 
> discussed. Please read my former initial posting on this topic, and 
> the discussion which followed (be careful however that the links in my 
> postings are outdated now, see below for the current ones):
> /2007-September/001615.html 
>
>
> Following this discussion I had started writing a "Biochar Standard" 
> capturing these parameters, called "CharML" (Char Markup Language), 
> and the current stand is the following:
> http://bionecho.org/terrapreta/chardb/charml.php
>
> I had also created an online database, CharDB, to allow biochar 
> testers to concretely and easily register their tests and which aims 
> at collecting as much comparable data as possible to make useful and 
> relevant comparisons that could lead to new highlights on the way 
> Terra Preta could be obtained.
> I am still developing this database but currently wait for more 
> feedbacks from people trying it out and populating it with new data. 
> You are welcome to contribute ! The whole project is here:
> http://bionecho.org/terrapreta/chardb/index.php
>
> Maybe these links and ideas are helpful to you ? Do you have any 
> comment, question, idea ?
>
> Sincerely yours,
> Christelle
> http://terracarbona.com
>
>
> On Apr 19, 2008, at 4:25 AM, Kevin Chisholm wrote:
>
>> Dear Sean
>>
>> So that we are all on the same page, could you kindly define or describe
>> "Terra Preta Nova"?
>>
>> Could you provide a "Recipe", or a "Specification" so that if we, in
>> various parts of the world made some, we would have a product that would
>> be comparable?
>>
>> With all that has been written, I still don't know what Terra Preta is,
>> other than the trivial description of "Black earth with pottery shards."
>> Could you, or anyone on the List provide a similar "Recipe" or
>> "Specification" for "Old Terra Preta"? Perhaps there is a URL with
>> sufficient detail such that one could make a batch of Terra Preta 
>> from it.
>>
>> You suggest making a lot of charcoal and putting it into lots of soil
>> now.What would you recommend as the addition rate, for example, in
>> pounds per square foot, or kG per square meter, etc? Is there anything
>> else that should be added along with teh charcoal?
>>
>> Thanks very much,
>>
>> Kevin
>>
>>
>> Sean K. Barry wrote:
>>> Hi Lou, Michael, et al,
>>>
>>> It would be interesting to fell a hardwood in the rainforest now, in a
>>> muddy area, with girdling and fire alone?  Just to clear an area for
>>> sunlight?  With no stone or metal tools?  Then light it a fire on the
>>> ground (how?, in parts?) and bury it?  But to what end would we do
>>> this?  To replicate what ancient Amazonians did?  If that is what they
>>> did?  For what reason would we do this?  Do you see my point?
>>>
>>> I do not think we want to consider harvesting old growth forests
>>> anyway now, to make charcoal to put into Terra Preta Nova soils.  No
>>> one hear thinks that is what needs be done and it's because the
>>> ancients did it that way.  I think the most logical source of biomass
>>> feedstock for pyrolysis/gasification into charcoal and usable energy
>>> is biomass that is likely to decay anyway.  Waste biomass (RFS, MSW,
>>> etc) and annual growth that falls and decays annually anyway from
>>> amongst both crops and other natural plants.  Biomass forms that grow
>>> higher tons of "fixed Carbon" per hectare (fC ha-1) of usable for
>>> pyrolysis feedstock are potential energy crops.  Charcoal application,
>>> fertilizer amendments, and sufficient watering into energy crop soils
>>> might have feedbacks that enhance both fC ha-1 yields and soil carbon
>>> sequestration rates.
>>>
>>> Forward looking models for development of Terra Preta Nova, which
>>> includes conversion of biomass to charcoal and harvesting usable
>>> bio-energy, need to consider all charcoal uses (agricultural
>>> benefits/food production enhancement, carbon sequestration, energy
>>> replacement, etc) and high charcoal production rates needed very soon
>>> for some of those uses.  Specifically, charcoal made for
>>> charcoal-in-soil carbon sequestration will requires perhaps several
>>> billion tons per year (Gt yr-1) of charcoal production within 10-25
>>> years, I suppose?
>>>
>>> Agriculture interest seem as if they cannot figure out a way how to
>>> use it?, or where, or a reason to do making and using anything near
>>> several Gt yr-1 of charcoal right now.  No body has the "Terra Preta
>>> de Indio" recipe and the farmers are all saying that "... unless it is
>>> a proven, economically viable, agriculturally more productive,
>>> profitable benefit product for me to use, than I'll never use it or do
>>> it!"  SO, there is not a market for any Gt yr-1 of charcoal there,
>>> right?  Now what do we do?
>>>
>>> I think the answer to, "Now what do we do?", is to start making
>>> charcoal for Terra Preta Nova development now, anyway.  Do it like
>>> we're going to turn the whole world into a Terra Preta soiled
>>> landform, a planet sized TP garden!  We put charcoal into soil to work
>>> now on preventing further GW and GCC problems later and for the
>>> agricultural benefits that we will learn about along the way.  We will
>>> need to do something like this eventually, anyway, right?  We might as
>>> well get started.  It's going to take years, perhaps more than a
>>> century, to even begin to push back a little against where the climate
>>> is headed now.
>>>
>>> There is promise, too, that left untended, GCC could move into an era
>>> of positive feedbacks: Methyl hydrate releases (thawed CH4) and CO2
>>> releases from the oceans (plant and animal die offs), Methane gas-CH4
>>> releases from permafrost wetlands in the northern former Soviet Union,
>>> northern Canada and Alaska, increased N2O concentrations from
>>> continued industrial fertilizer use, adiabatic heating due to less
>>> snow/ice cover on land and oceans, etc.  These positive feedbacks will
>>> accelerate the warming and need to be avoided.
>>>
>>> I think we can make positive feedbacks work now to our advantage, too,
>>> in making "Terra Preta Nova", if we increase the scale of our
>>> operations.  Already using MSW and agricultural residues, that decay
>>> anyway, as feedstock for charcoal is a positive feedback in our
>>> desired direction (removing CO2 from the atmosphere).  It removes some
>>> CO2 now and prevents further CO2 cycling into and out of the
>>> atmosphere for many years into the future.  Improved soils under
>>> charcoal and bio-energy producing crops is another potential large
>>> feedback.  Overall increased plant growth and consequent CO2 uptake by
>>> plants planted in Terra Preta Nova soils, could also prove to be a
>>> large positive feedback towards and help in lowering the CO2
>>> concentration in the atmosphere at a faster rate.
>>>
>>> Let's make lots of charcoal and put it into lots of soil now!
>>>
>>> Regards,
>>>
>>> SKB
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>    ----- Original Message -----
>>>    *From:* lou gold <mailto:lou.gold at gmail.com>
>>>    *To:* Michael Bailes <mailto:michaelangelica at gmail.com>
>>>    *Cc:* terra pretta group <mailto:terrapreta at bioenergylists.org>
>>>    *Sent:* Friday, April 18, 2008 2:11 PM
>>>    *Subject:* Re: [Terrapreta] Earthen Kilns Conjecture
>>>
>>>    I'm not sure of the relevance either but I want to assure you that
>>>    nothing amazing is going on. The life and structure of a large
>>>    tree is concentrated in the outer layers. Hollow trees are quite
>>>    natural.
>>>
>>>    On Thu, Apr 17, 2008 at 10:35 PM, Michael Bailes
>>>    <michaelangelica at gmail.com <mailto:michaelangelica at gmail.com>> 
>>> wrote:
>>>
>>>        Australian Aboriginals encouraged the burning of large gums so
>>>        that a hollow was made though the centre of the gum.
>>>        Amazingly gums survive this traeatment and live on.
>>>        The hollows became great nesting places for native animals and
>>>        therefore convenient larders for fresh food for the aborigines.
>>>
>>>        I am not sure how this is relevant
>>>        But it would be interesting to set alight to a rainforest
>>>        hardwood tree to see if it formed ash or charcoal.
>>>        Michael B
>>>
>>>        __
>>>
>>
>>
>>
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>