[Terrapreta] crude oil (and charcoal) from pig manure

[Richard Haard]

 From NIST this review of article by Physics.org on crude oil from pig  
manure. It also includes analysis of 'graphite like ' charcoal. and  
trace elements transmitted to oil and charcoal.

http://www.physorg.com/news132411375.html

L.S. Ott, B.L. Smith and T.J. Bruno. Advanced distillation curve  
measurement: Application to a bio-derived crude oil prepared from  
swine manure. Fuel (2008), doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2008.04.038.

But a job’s a job, so the NIST team has developed the first detailed  
chemical analysis revealing what processing is needed to transform pig  
manure crude oil into fuel for vehicles or heating. Mass production of  
this type of biofuel could help consume a waste product overflowing at  
U.S. farms, and possibly enable cutbacks in the nation’s petroleum use  
and imports. But, according to a new NIST paper, pig manure crude will  
require a lot of refining.

and

As described in the new paper, Bruno and colleagues determined that  
the pig manure crude contains at least 83 major compounds, including  
many components that would need to be removed, such as about 15  
percent water by volume, sulfur that otherwise could end up as  
pollution in vehicle exhaust, and lots of char waste containing heavy  
metals, including iron, zinc, silver, cobalt, chromium, lanthanum,  
scandium, tungsten and minute amounts of gold and hafnium. Whatever  
the pigs eat, from dirt to nutritional supplements, ends up in the oil.

and

NIST researchers analyzed the graphite-like char remaining after the  
distillation by bombarding it with neutrons, a non-destructive way of  
identifying the types and amounts of elements present. Two  
complementary neutron methods detected the heavy metals listed above.
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