[Terrapreta] Net Present Value vs. Net Future Value of Terra Preta benefits

Robert Klein arclein at yahoo.com
Sun Mar 16 00:26:47 CDT 2008


Hi all

This is all getting a bit of topic, however I have hit just about every option on my blog. (google arclein)

I suspect that humanity will eventually consume every drop of oil however long it takes, as well as every ton of coal.  It is foolish to assume otherwise when it is free money.  A little will be left over for museums.

Having said that, transportation fuel can be most easily be provided by mastering algae based oil.  See my postings.  And the back stop for static energy is solar and geothermal with the reverse rankine cycle engine.

In the meantime let us master the art of using terra preta to produce stable carbon rich soils.

arclein

----- Original Message ----
From: Sean K. Barry <sean.barry at juno.com>
To: Terra Preta <terrapreta at bioenergylists.org>; Greg and April <gregandapril at earthlink.net>
Sent: Saturday, March 15, 2008 10:03:49 PM
Subject: Re: [Terrapreta] Net Present Value vs. Net Future Value of Terra Preta benefits

 Hi Greg,
 
I think that you are right to observe that petroleum energy and chemicals 
play a great big part in our world today.  We can survive that mistake and 
change the perception with education of young children, high taxes on fossil 
fuels, and a concerted effort to take as much CO2 out of the atmosphere as soon 
as possible.  I know we can use Terra Preta formations to do just 
that.  Our head long use of fossil fuels not only caused the climate 
problems we see now, but it will be our bane and will continue to exacerbate the 
problems in our future and that of others after us.
 
Find another way, I say.  Let everyone find heat in geo-thermal and 
solar-thermal sources, cooling from geo-thermal sinks, and run their cars on 
electric power from nuclear, wind, and solar electric resources or on 
non-petroleum fuels from biomass.  We'll make do with biochemical 
replacements for petrochemicals, fuels, and petrochemical based 
byproducts.  Make stronger, lighter weighting, higher fuel economy 
cars out of light weight carbon fiber instead of running heavy steel cars on 
fossil carbon fuels.  Make clean process charcoal making kilns and retorts 
out of the steel from car bodies.
 
I know renewable energy technology uses fossil fuel to make the components 
now.  I know fossil fuels dominate the energy supply sector.  I think 
this needs to change.  I think biomass/bio-energy/biochemcial, geothermal 
sources and sinks, solar thermal and solar photovoltaic resources, and nuclear 
power should dominate the energy supply sector in all applications, especially 
domestic heat and electric, as well as industry power and all 
transportation.
 
Any supply of energy which releases more fossil carbon emissions from 
fossil carbon fuels should be outlawed, I think, or at least heavily taxed, 
and/or including large import/export taxes.  We need to find ways to 
continue to increase agricultural production and do it without the use any 
longer of manufactured high nitrogen industrial fertilizers, pesticides, and 
herbicides, that use fossil carbon based chemicals and feed stocks.
 
That is an interesting fact about the cement enclosure on Biosphere 2 
absorbing CO2, so much so that O2 had to be added into the enclosure.
I wonder if we could make more building materials that "absorb" CO2 over 
their lifetimes?  There could be a good carbon sequestration business in 
that.  There was a YouTube video posted here a few weeks back, where an 
older British woman scientist demonstrated making limestone (CaCO3) and 
producing some reaction heat, out of ash from municipal waste 
incinerators combined with CO2 gas in a plastic pop bottle that heated 
up and then imploded as the reaction occurred inside of it.
 
The whole idea of embodied energy in manufacturing of products as one of 
the unrecognized full life cycle costs, has made me think 
differently.
Not about the unfairness of using fossil carbon fuels to make renewable 
energy technology and then calling it pure renewable energy (that is a fossil 
fuel peddlars game).  But, rather, about how embodied carbon is carbon 
sequestration.  Couldn't we recognize that, too?  Let's make 
everything out of carbon nano-tubes.  Let's make these in Africa and earn 
"carbon credits" for doing it.  We'll make carbon nano-tubes as much and as 
fast as we can.  Lets make them out of carbon that was got, not from fossil 
carbon sources, but instead from biomass carbon sources.
 
This human race will struggle mightily to wean ourselves of cheap fossil 
carbon fuels.  It will go much easier to develop sooner rather than later, 
the cheap biochemical and carbonless energy replacements for all that we get 
from fossil carbon.  Replacing the use of fossil fuels with biomass carbon 
and other carbonless energy resources will help us survive the next couple of 
centuries without roasting most of the living species off the planet.  
Replacing fossil carbon will relieve us of dealing with potentially unfriendly 
third world nations that have fossil carbon fuel reserves.  Replacing the 
machines that harvest and or use fossil carbon based energy with machines that 
harvest other renewable energy or do not need fossil fuel energy to run will put 
our country well ahead of the world market producing usable machines.
 
Using only renewable energy to manufacture renewable energy technology and 
then also to make it run, to harvest more renewable energy, can be a the 
touchstone we aspire to with our work.  To work towards seeing and feeling 
a leveling off and eventually a sustained, controlled, decrease in the 
atmospheric concentrations of the GHGs: CO2, CH4, and N2O can be an objective 
for industry and civilian activities to guide themselves by.  It can be a 
guiding policy for all our governments.  It can be a guiding policy for the 
United Nations.
 
We're not stupid, but we are kind of lazy.  Let's get off the fossil 
carbon and the industrial revolution kick and start the ecological 
revolution.  We need to join in on what the world is providing and doing 
for living things.  We need to cooperate with natural forces and attempt to 
control our own forces (on nature) better than we do, or become victims of the 
natural forces we cannot control.  The tender atmosphere we have control 
over now.  Let's not bust the thing.
 
Regards,
 
SKB
  ----- Original Message ----- 
  From: Greg and April 
  To: Terra Preta 
  Sent: Saturday, March 15, 2008 8:50   PM
  Subject: Re: [Terrapreta] Net Present   Value and Net Future Value ofTPBenefits
  

  While very commendable, I highly doubt that 
  ceasing the use of fossil fuels or the use of cement will ever 
  happen.
   
  I say this as even the renewable energy industry 
  requires the large use of fossil fuel to make those wonderful products that 
  make renewable energy industry even possible.    Where does the 
  raw materials come from the make a wind generator or a solar cell - do you see 
  what I'm trying to say?    
   
  This is why I have traditionally asked what the 
  carbon footprint of a MW wind generator or a field of solar cells is - and no 
  one that has advocated such forms of energy over fossil fuels has ever been 
  able to reply with any thing more than " I don't know but it's smaller than 
  traditional energy sources ".    Then when I ask " How do 
  you know? " all I get is silence.
   
  The point I'm trying to make, is that it takes 
  allot of fossil fuel to make solar cells or a wind generator, so you can't 
  just do without it when making such products - just not possible.
   
   
  Cement is a fact of life, and in many ways can 
  not be done without, indeed even the renewable energy industry needs it almost 
  as much as fossil fuel.    I also do not see the issue with CO2 
  release with cement making as it is temporary, since while CO2 is driven 
  off to make the lime for the cement, the cement absorbs CO2 as it 
  cures.    Granted it does take more time to absorb it 
  than it did to drive it off, but it does happen - recall the problems with 
  Biosphere 2 and how they had to import O2 during the great experiment - that 
  was because the cement that was used for the construction of the 
  facility, was absorbing it from the air, and they failed to take 
  that into account and make sure that there was enough CO2 available for the 
  plants to use and the cement to absorb.
   
   
  Greg H.
     
      ----- Original Message ----- 
    From:     Sean 
    K. Barry 
    Sent: Saturday, March 15, 2008     13:49
    Subject: Re: [Terrapreta] Net Present     Value and Net Future Value of TPBenefits
    

        SNIP
     
    Terra Preta formation can address the multiple purposes; climate 
    mitigation, food production, and a viable energy resource.  I think 
    this model works for how to behave in the future with respect to energy and 
    the environment.  The immediate problem of high GHG concentrations in 
    the atmosphere can be dealt with by sequestering charcoal-in-soil and 
    ceasing the production and use of industrial fertilizers, burning of fossil 
    fuels, and maybe of limestone cement.  Charcoal-in-soil can lead to 
    long term agricultural benefits, lasting thousands of years (similar to the 
    Amazonian TP formations, which are found circa 4500 after formation 
    began on them).  The process of making charcoal from biomass can be a 
    co-product with harvesting usable heat and chemical energy in gaseous fuels 
    from biomass.  The gaseous and liquid chemicals extracted from 
    pyrolysis of biomass can also or otherwise be refined and used to produce 
    even, again, industrial fertilizers and other chemical products like 
    those from petro-chemicals.
     
     
    Regards,
     
    SKB
          ----- Original Message ----- 
      From: Richard Haard 
      To: Kevin Chisholm 
      Cc: Peter Read ; Sean K. 
      Barry ; Miles Tom ; Toch Susan ; Michael Pilarski ; Baur Hans ;       Todd Jones       ; Terrapreta 
      Sent: Saturday, March 15, 2008 11:12       AM
      Subject: Re:-----and Net Present       Value of TP Benefits
      


On Mar 14, 2008, at 8:47 PM, Kevin Chisholm       wrote:

> Peter Read wrote:


Hello Kevin  -       drifting a bit from the thread but an interesting topic  
to       me.

by NPV you mean direct value to farmer such as added CEC        or OM  
equivalent? The real value to farmer - not discounted       carbon credit is  
what will make this all happen as general       practice in agriculture.

What is the real economic benefit to the       farmer per ton applied to  
land will depend on  soil type,       climate and needs for fertilizer  
supplements to maintain       fertility levels and as yet unquantified  
benefits of charcoal       additive in soil. This figure of NPV $50  could  
be quite       higher.

Most important in soils where organic matter needs to be       monitored  
carefully to maintain productive capacity (not all       do), what needs to  
be calculated is the cost of raising soil       organic matter an equivalent  
amount permanently.  Ie the       cost in lost production of fallow periods  
and the cost of       reestablishing farming if the land has gone back to  
forest       during fallow.

I am hoping the block research currently underway at       our farm  
comparing compost to charcoal to fertilizer and       permutations will  
answer this question for us at 4CN.

In       our farming we are holding organic matter at 4 % minimum with        
biannual applications of 1 cubic yard of compost made from       sewage  
solids and sawmill wood waste per 1000 sq. feet. In       addition, we are  
adding summer and winter cover cropping when a       particular section is  
fallow. So far as a OM supplement sawdust       alone will do the job when  
balanced with garden fertilizer to       compensate for binding of N and P  
by the decomposing wood. But       this OM benefit in tilled soil is gone in  
a few years whereas       the charcoal lasts as I am trying to quantify at  
our       soil.

Buying charcoal at $ 200/ton will not happen for us in the       short term  
anyway because of these economic factors. I do not       know what a cubic  
yard of dry sawdust weighs but cost is        most likely 5 % or less and we  
use about 250 yards or more        annually. What might happen though in the  
near term is our on       farm waste wood summer dried and converted to  
charcoal by some       sort of smothered combustion. In our climate dry  
weather July       through September will allow us to do this by windrowing  
with       farm machinery.

We will have significant quantities available,       probably each year 300  
cubic yards of loose twigs, roots and       reject plant trimmings. Right  
now we either burn this stuff or       use the soil/weed and reject plants  
as fill. Labor and use of       equipment on farm does not equate to  
purchases outside of normal       operations hence costs we incur on such a  
project are more       easily absorbed as I suppose they are elsewhere. I am  
thinking       some sort of buried pyrolysis with movable scrap sheet metal  
and       wet spoiled hay in a top lit bottom draft system similar to our        
project 2 years ago.

If the value of farm waste worked into       soil, say corn or wheat  is  
higher when converted to       charcoal then the most efficient method for  
doing this onsite       will rule in the end.


On Mar 14, 2008, at 8:47 PM, Kevin       Chisholm wrote:
>  If we assume that Charcoal in TP gives a       return with aNet Present  
> Value  equivalent to $50 per       tonne of Charcoal applied,



    
    
    
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