[Terrapreta] WET ETHANOL IN DIESEL ENGINES

[lou gold]

You might be interested in this:
http://flickr.com/photos/visionshare/sets/72157594399374060/

Unfortunately, I have no idea what (if anything) developed from this
project.



On Sat, May 17, 2008 at 9:46 AM, Benjamin Domingo Bof <
benjaminbof at yahoo.com.ar> wrote:

> DIESEL ENGINES
> Contrary to the opinion of most "experts", diesel engines can be run on
> pure alcohol. The main problem is in the lubrication of the injectors. This
> is solved by the addition of 5-20% vegetable oil (or other suitable
> lubricant) to the alcohol. It is also possible to make a diesel "gasohol"
> with up to 80% alcohol. Since alcohol and oil will not mix when water is
> present, both the alcohol and the oil must be anhydrous. Different engines
> may also require adjustment of the metering pump for optimum performance.
> Diesel engines, especially turbocharged diesels, may also be run with an
> alcohol/water injection system as described later.
> ENGINE MODIFICATION
> The following are some specific guidelines to assist in the modification of
> a carburetor. Remember that there are many different types and makes of
> carburetors, and that a certain amount of experimentation will be necessary.
>
> First, of course, you will have to remove the carburetor from the engine,
> clean it, and disassemble it to a point where you can remove metering
> jet(s). This will involve removing the air horn from the float valve and
> disconnecting any linkage. Next you must locate the main jet (or jets on a
> multi-throat model). Most carburetors have removable jets. They are almost
> always brass and are threaded into place.
>
> With the jet removed, the next step is to measure its diameter. This is
> best done with a micrometer. You will want to enlarge the area of the jet
> about 27% for ethanol and 40% for methanol. Suppose, for example, your jet
> is 0.054" in diameter. The formula for the area of a circle is 3.14 (pi)
> times the square of the radius. The radius is half the diameter, so we
> multiply 0.027 x 0.027 x 3.14 to get an area of 0.002289 square inches.
> Multiply this times 1.27 (for a 27% enlargement) and we get 0.00291 square
> inches. Working the formula in reverse we get a diameter of 0.06087 inches.
> This is close to a #53 drill which is slightly too small. Since it is easier
> to enlarge a hole than to make one smaller, a wise choice for the first
> trial in this instance would be a #53 drill.
>
> Carefully drill out the jet, reassemble the carburetor, and reinstall it on
> the vehicle. The vehicle should then be run on alcohol as a test. Start the
> engine and slowly enrich the mixture (using the idle screw adjustment) until
> the engine starts to stall. Then adjust the idle until the roughness evens
> out. Take the vehicle for a short test drive, and then pull the spark plugs.
> If the tips are white, the mixture is too lean, and the main jet will have
> to be further enlarged. If they are wet, the mixture is too rich, and you
> have made the jets too large. In addition, if the mixture is too lean, the
> engine will backfire and miss.
>
> It will also burn the valves if left in this condition. On the other hand,
> if the hole is too large, the mixture will be too rich and you will waste
> fuel. It may be necessary to make several trials before the perfect jet size
> is found for your particular engine. In addition to the main jet, some
> carburetors will also require a slight enlargement of the idle circuit jet.
> This is accomplished in the same manner as above except that a smaller
> percentage of enlargement will usually suffice. Note that this modification
> isn't always necessary. Often merely backing out the idle adjustment screw
> will be enough.
>
> If the engine still doesn't run properly, there are several other things
> you can try such as advancing the timing a little, disconnecting the vacuum
> advance line, and closing the spark plug gaps a little. If you want to go
> the whole route, you can increase the engine's compression by milling the
> head and installing high compression pistons because the alcohol's high
> anti-knock qualities will allow compression ratios to 10:1. Finally, if you
> have an engine where it is impossible to modify the carburetor, for one
> reason or another, (an excess of emission "plumbing", for example) you can
> usually replace your carburetor with an earlier model. Usually, the older
> the carburetor, the easier it is to convert. Also, it is possible to
> purchase adjustable jets for many carburetors, or your carburetor may
> already have such jets. Adjustable jets make it easier to change from
> alcohol to gasoline and vice versa should the need arise.
> ALCOHOL INJECTION
> Alcohol injection is a third alternative for the utilization of alcohol
> fuel. It is similar to water injection except that alcohol or an alcohol
> water mixture is injected into the engine. Since the water/alcohol injection
> mixture ratio can be as low as 50/50%, first run product from a simple still
> can be used. This is a considerable saving because most of the energy used
> in alcohol production is expended in the distillation stage to obtain 95%
> alcohol. Another advantage is that engines with an injection system still
> retain complete dual fuel capability. Finally, alcohol injection can be used
> with fuel-injected, turbocharged, and even diesel engines.
>
> Figure 3-1: BASIC INJECTION SYSTEM
> [image: Figure 3-1: BASIC INJECTION SYSTEM]
>
> Figure 3-1 is a schematic of a simple injection system. The alcohol/water
> mixture is contained in a separate tank and is fed, under a couple pounds
> pressure, to a misting nozzle located at the throat of the carburetor. The
> mixture is metered into the carburetor airstream where it mixes with the air
> and is taken into the engine. There are many ways of metering the
> alcohol/water mixture. For example, it can be done by mechanically linking a
> metering valve to the throttle. Other methods include using combinations of
> vacuum and/or manifold pressure. Whatever system is used, the metering
> system should work in parallel with the throttle. That is, the flow of
> alcohol/water mixture should increase as the load increases. Figure 3-2
> diagrams a similar system for turbocharged engines. This is an extremely
> simple system. The alcohol/water tank is pressurized by bleed air from the
> compressor on the turbocharger. The mixture is metered into the turbocharger
> airstream by an orifice.
>
> Figure 3-2: INJECTION of TURBO ENGINES
> [image: Figure 3-2: INJECTION of TURBO ENGINES]
>
> The size of the orifice is determined by individual engine requirement. The
> metering system operates with the turbocharger. As the boost increases, more
> pressure is supplied to the tank and, thus, more mixture to the engine.
>
> On a diesel tractor rated at 125 horsepower and consuming 8-1/2 gallons of
> fuel per hour, the injection system produced the same power with only six
> gallons of diesel fuel and two gallons of a 50% alcohol/water mixture. This
> is an overall saving of 6% in fuel consumption and a saving of almost 30% in
> diesel fuel. Other benefits include trouble-free, automatic operation,
> increase in available power, lowering of engine operating temperatures, and
> prolonged engine life.
>
> ------------------------------
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