[Terrapreta] alkaline soils

[Michael Bailes]

On 17/05/07, adkarve <adkarve at pn2.vsnl.net.in> wrote:
>
> would somebody explain to me what bio-oil is? What is it chemically? Is is
a  tri-glyceride, or is it called oil only because of its viscosity?
>
> Yours
>
> A.D.Karve
>

Good question
Here are some 'answers" from the web
> Researchers hoping to ease America's oil addiction are turning sawdust and
wood chips into bio-oil, a thick black liquid that could become a green
substitute for many petroleum products.
>
> Bio-oil can be made from almost any organic material, including
agricultural and forest waste like corn stalks and scraps of bark.
Converting the raw biomass into bio-oil yields a product that is easy to
transport and can be processed into higher-value fuels and chemicals.
FROM:
http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2006/03/70430
> Content of Bio Oil
>      This depends on the biomass source used, but typically includes
chemicals with functional groups such as carbonyl, carboxyl, hydroxyl and
methoxyl.
These are all oxygen-containing groups, whereas the oil extracted from the
ground is almost wholly hydrocabon  in content

Uses of Bio Oil

                 Fuel Oil
                 Given its instability, it is not possible to distil bio
oil, but  it may be used directly as an alternative to diesel and other
fuel oils. The heating value of bio oil is about 50% that of
conventional             petroleum-derived fuel oil, requiring adjustments
to the rate  of feed of the fuel.


Chemical Feedstock
                 As it cannot be distilled, other separation methods must be
used,  including making use of the fact that part of the oil is water
miscible, part is not. Although the range of substances present  is wide,
several tend to predominate, and these are potential  candidates for
chemical stock.
Bio oil can also be used as a chemical  resource without separation:

Reaction with ammonia and amines results   in a cocktail of non-toxic
compounds suitable for use as a slow-release  fertiliser.

Reaction of the carbonyl and carboxyl groups with ethanol (which itself can
be produced from renewable resources)   gives a mixture that is more stable
than raw bio oil.  As a fuel, this has a higher thermal output, and a
significant  proportion can now be distilled to obtain many other useful
products.

Control of conditions can result in  oil that is particularly high in
compounds of phenol, and this can be used directly to make phenolic resins
for wood products like plywood and MDF.
FROM:
http://www.greener-industry.org/pages/renewable/2renewableBioOil.htm
SEE ALSO:
http://www.greener-industry.org/pages/renewable/images/renew_diag04.gif


Pyrolysis Bio-oil
• Dark brown mobile liquid
• Combustible
• Not miscible with hydrocarbons
• Heating value  17 MJ/kg (60%v diesel)
• Density  1.2 kg/l
• Acid, pH  2.5
• Pungent odour
• Unstable - viscosity increases with time
http://72.14.253.104/search?q= cache:BjTcpOLb73IJ:www.rega.com
.au/Documents/2003%2520Forum/SShuck%2520REGA%2520Forum%2520200
3.pdf+pyrolysis+bio+oils&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=2&gl=au&client=firefox-a
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